Wireless USB

Abstract:

Wireless USB (WUSB) is a form of Universal Serial Bus ( USB ) technology that uses radio-frequency ( RF ) links rather than cables to provide the interfaces between a computer and peripherals, such as monitors, printers, external drives, head sets, MP3 players and digital cameras. The WUSB technology is based on the WiMedia ultra wideband common radio platform.
WUSB allows for connections over distances up to 10 feet (3 meters) at 480 Mbps (megabits per second), or up to 33 feet (10 meters) at 110 Mbps. In order to ensure security, transmissions use encryption . Like standard USB, the WUSB interface offers Plug and Play ( PnP ) compatibility as well as the ability to hot swap hardware components. WUSB is backward compatible with conventional wired USB devices.

Refer:
Wireless USB PPT      wireless usb seminar report    More details

Since its introduction, USB has become the de facto standard in the personal computing industry, with billions of devices in use around the world. Wireless USB promises to expand on the legendary ease of use of traditional wired USB by extending the "plug-and-play" paradigm to an environment where the cables between the PC and devices no longer exist.
At the heart of Certified Wireless USB is a radio technology new to the consumer space: Ultra-wideband. This high-bandwidth, low-power method of wireless data transmission enables the secure, high-speed connection required for the USB-like user experience. This radio platform, developed by the WiMedia Alliance, was chosen in 2004 to serve as the foundation for wireless USB. The official specification, released as version 1.0 in May 2005 by the Wireless USB Promoter Group, will be revised to version 1.1 sometime in 2008 and add updates for better power efficiency and support for frequencies above 6 GHz.
Certified Wireless USB was designed from the ground up to address the specific challenges of wireless communications and personal networking. It is based on an Ultra-wideband (UWB) radio system called orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) which was created by the WiMedia Alliance expressly for wireless USB. The Wireless Promoter Group, consisting of seven companies - Intel Corporation, HP, LSI Logic, Microsoft Corporation, NEC Corporation, NXP Semiconductors, and Samsung Electronics - defined the core specification with the support of more than 100 contributing members. This specification, called Wireless USB Specification version 1.0 (soon to be 1.1), is managed by the USB Implementers Forum (USB-IF). Certified Wireless USB includes features necessary for the long-term viability of the solution, such as radio power management, additional security features, and, the potential for the datarate to improve as Certified Wireless USB support is adopted natively by new hardware and operating system updates.

Visible light communication

Visible Light Communication (VLC) is a data communications medium using visible light between 400 THz (780 nm) and 800 THz (375 nm). Visible light is not injurious to vision. Low-cost wireless communication network can be created using Visible Light Communication system. Visible Light Communication is a potential solution to the shortage of global wireless radio spectrum. Visible Light Communication can be used as a communications medium for ubiquitous computing, because light-producing devices (such as indoor/outdoor lamps, TVs, traffic signs, commercial displays, car headlights/taillights, etc.) are used everywhere. Visible Light Communication can be seen by the human eye, carry an embedded signal, which is unseen.


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visible light communication

View more presentations from Hossam Zein

 Visible Light Communication (VLC) is a fast-growing technology to provide data communication using low-cost and omni-present LEDs and photodiodes. In this paper, we examine the key properties in enabling vehicular VLC (V2LC) networks as follows. We first develop a custom V2LC research platform on which we experimentally evaluate the feasibility of a V2LC system under working conditions in relation to link resilience to visible light noise and interference. Our experiments show that a receiver's narrow field-of-view angle makes V2LC resilient to visible light noise from sunlight and legacy lighting sources as well as to interfe-
rence from active VLC transmitters. Then, by leveraging our experimental characterization as the basis of modifications to our simulator, we examine V2LC’s performance in providing network services for vehicular applications

Visible Light Communication technology uses ordinary lamps (not special communications devices) to transmit signals at 10 kbit/s, or LEDs for up to 500 Mbit/s. Low rate data transmissions at 1 kilometre (0.6 mi) and 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) were demonstrated and achieved full Ethernet speed (10 Mbit/s) using powerful LEDs and laser optics.

LED lights are more powerfull in interior lighting and suitable for Visible Light Communication System. This switching occurs at ultra-high speeds, so far beyond what the human eye can detect, that the light appears to be constantly on. Amazingly, the technology can transmit a signal even when the light appears off. These embedded signals are emitted from the LEDs in the form of binary code; ‘off’ equals zero and ‘on’ equals one.

Newer forms of LEDs, known as RGBs (red, green and blue), have three separate LEDs that, when lit at the same time, emit a light that is perceived to be white. As these involve no delay in stimulating a phosphor, data rates in RGBs can reach up to 100Mb/sec. Resonant-cavity LEDs (RCLEDs), which are similar to RGB LEDs and are fitted with reflectors for spectral clarity, can now work at even higher frequencies.

Possible Applications of Visible Light Communication

• In-door and outdoor wireless communication for personal gadgets, and for broadband internet.
• One of the most promising applications is in car-to-car communication. If the headlights on a car could communicate with the tail lights of the car ahead, VLC collision-avoidance technology would be hugely significant in the automotive industry.
• Traffic lights could send detailed information of congestion up ahead directly to a vehicle.
• Smart lighting for buildings with VLC provides the infrastructure for illumination, control and communications and will greatly reduce wiring and energy consumption within a building.
• Hospitals & Healthcare: There are advantages for using VLC in hospitals and in healthcare. Mobile phones and WiFi’s are undesirable in certain parts of hospitals, especially around MRI scanners and in operating theatres.
• Underwater Communication: RF does not work underwater but visible light can support high speed data transmission over short distances in this environment. This could enable divers and underwater vehicles to talk to each other.
• Aviation: Radio is undesirable in passenger compartments of aircraft. LEDs are already used for illumination and can also be used instead of wires to provide media services to passengers.
• Wireless Mobile Connectivity: Visible light communication provides a much higher data transfer rate than Bluetooth or WiFi.

In 2011, Siemens and Berlin’s Heinrich Hertz Institute achieved a data-transfer rate of 500Mb/sec with a white LED, beating their earlier record of 200Mb/sec. As LED technology improves with each year, VLC is coming closer to reality and engineers are now turning their attention to its potential applications. But, to be successful, VLC has to prove itself against competing technologies of Lidar, Radar and RF, as well as to overcome some of its own technical challenges.

Html5

Abstract:

HTML5 is a markup language for structuring and presenting content for the World Wide Web, and is a core technology of the Internet originally proposed by Opera Software. It is the fifth revision of the HTML standard (created in 1990 and standardized as HTML4 as of 1997)and, as of May 2012, is still under development. Its core aims have been to improve the language with support for the latest multimedia while keeping it easily readable by humans and consistently understood by computers and devices (web browsers, parsers, etc.). HTML5 is intended to subsume not only HTML 4, but XHTML 1 and DOM Level 2 HTML as well

HTML5 has turned into a catchy buzzword for the new cool stuff, just like ‘Ajax’ and ‘Web 2.0’ a few years back. Most of the ‘Ajax’ apps didn’t use any XML and weren’t even asynchronous. That didn’t matter because most of it was a lot better than what came before.

Because of HTML5, developers are excited to try out new stuff, browser makers are rushing to improve standards support, and users are downloading new web browsers. When all of that is happening, It doesn’t matter who got their definition wrong.

History:

The current state of HTML5 isn’t as confusing as it once was, but it still isn’t straightforward.

There are two groups working on HTML5. The WHATWG is creating an HTML5 specification using its process of “commit then review.” The W3C HTML Working Group is taking that specification and putting it through its process of “review then commit.” As you can imagine, it’s an uneasy alliance. Still, there seems to finally be some consensus about that pesky “space or no space?” question (it’s HTML5 with no space, just in case you were interested).

Perhaps the most confusing issue for web designers dipping their toes into the waters of HTML5 is getting an answer to the question, “when will it be ready?”

In an interview, Ian Hickson mentioned 2022 as the year he expected HTML5 to become a proposed recommendation. What followed was a wave of public outrage from some web designers. They didn’t understand what “proposed recommendation” meant, but they knew they didn’t have enough fingers to count off the years until 2022.

The outrage was unwarranted. In this case, reaching a status of “proposed recommendation” requires two complete implementations of HTML5. Considering the scope of the specification, this date is incredibly ambitious. After all, browsers don’t have the best track record of implementing existing standards. It took Internet Explorer over a decade just to add support for the abbr element.

The date that really matters for HTML5 is 2012. That’s when the specification is due to become a “candidate recommendation.” That’s standards-speak for “done and dusted.”

But even that date isn’t particularly relevant to web designers. What really matters is when browsers start supporting features. We began using parts of CSS 2.1 as soon as browsers started shipping with support for those parts. If we had waited for every browser to completely support CSS 2.1 before we started using any of it, we would still be waiting.

It’s no different with HTML5. There won’t be a single point in time at which we can declare that the language is ready to use. Instead, we can start using parts of the specification as web browsers support those features.

Remember, HTML5 isn’t a completely new language created from scratch. It’s an evolutionary rather than revolutionary change in the ongoing story of markup. If you are currently creating websites with any version of HTML, you’re already using HTML5.

Tablet Pc

Abstract:

A tablet personal computer (PC) is a cross between a laptop or notebook computer and a personal digital assistant (PDA). It's essentially a flat-panel portable computer. The user either taps on the screen with his or her finger or with a stylus, or he or she uses a stylus to write on the screen. A tablet PC can wirelessly connect to the Internet and other computers. The term "tablet PC" originally referred to a specific brand or tablets that were compatible with certain operating systems, but any tablet-sized computer has come to be referred to in some instances as a tablet PC.

The Tablet PC has the potential to dramatically alter the educational process.This new technology significantly changes the way students and teachers interact. It adds completely new dimensions to classroom interaction by providing digital ink and drawing tools for writing, sketching, and drawing; and for real-time

collaboration.

When integrating Tablet PC technologies with other advances in the computing sciences, undergraduate computing educators must re-think what we teach students and how we enable students to learn. We are just beginning to understand how to best take advantage of these new communication and collaboration resources.

Image:

The Operating Systems

Tablet PCs have grown in popularity and the main reason is due to their interface with a touch sensitive screen. Most laptops and personal computers do not use touch screen technology because they rely on either a physical keyboard or a mouse.

The tablet PC is different and thus requires a different operating system to run the touch screen interface as well as the other processes. The range of tablets on the market is large but the majority of tablets are controlled by just a few operating systems.

The main operating systems that tablet pc use are either Windows 7 or a version of Android (either 2.1 or 2.2) and Apple Mac`s own operating system, iOS. Windows 7 has been dominating the personal computer operating system market and Microsoft have delayed their emergence into the tablet market because Apple and Google have already cornered and shared the initial markets with their two operating systems.

Time will tell if Microsoft`s Windows 7 will compete with the two current market leaders and regain lost ground.

Un Printer

Laser UnPrinter wipes photocopied ink from paper

refer:

bbc unprinter

Abstract

Toner-print removal from paper would allow paper to be re-used instead of being recycled, incinerated or disposed of in landfill. This could significantly reduce the environmental impact of paper production and use. Previous work on the subject has explored the applicability of ultraviolet, visible and infrared (IR) lasers under nanosecond pulses for toner removal. This article expands on this work by testing a wider range of ultrafast and long-pulsed lasers. Results from 10 distinct laser set-ups are used to propose an operating window for the toner-removal process. Colour analysis under theL*a*b* colour space, scanning electron microscope examination and attenuated total reflectance–Fourier transform IR spectroscopy measurements of the outcome show that, with the right laser, it is possible to remove toner from paper to enable its re-use. Theoretical models to predict the laser ablation of toner are discussed, and, while imperfect, provide sufficient evidence to support a physical explanation of toner ablation.

Researchers at the University of Cambridge have developed what they call a laser ‘unprinter’ – a device that is able to remove toner ink from paper. A production model would allow businesses to reuse copier paper rather than sending it off for recycling, a process that is good for the environment but admittedly uses a lot of resources in the process.

The procedure works by firing green laser pulses in four billionths of a second increments at the ink. The laser effectively vaporizes the plastic polymer found in toner, leaving only a small trace of the ink behind. A ventilation system was used to remove nanoparticles and mostly harmless gases produced during the procedure.

Bending, curling and accelerated-aging tests on the ‘unprinted’ paper show no long-term signs of damage and was comparable to a regular piece of paper.

This isn’t the first time that someone has developed a device to remove ink from paper, but this latest ‘unprinter’ does so without some of the restrictions that other devices bring to the table. Toshiba currently offers a laser printer that offers a similar function but users must utilize a special ‘e-blue’ ink when printing, effectively limiting its useful scope. Other methods tend to damange the paper or leave it discolored.

The researchers are now planning to build a prototype device which they suspect can be done for around $25,000. This price would likely fall by a large margin should the 'unprinter' find its way into production at a later stage.