Quantum computing

Quantum Computing - Seminar Topic

Quantum computing is the use of quantum-mechanical phenomena such as superposition and entanglement to perform computation. A quantum computer is used to perform such computation, which can be implemented theoretically or physically.

There are currently two main approaches to physically implementing a quantum computer: analog and digital. Analog approaches are further divided into quantum simulation, quantum annealing, and adiabatic quantum computation. Digital quantum computers use quantum logic gates to do computation. Both approaches use quantum bits or qubits.

What is quantum computing?

Quantum computers could spur the development of new breakthroughs in science, medications to save lives, machine learning methods to diagnose illnesses sooner, materials to make more efficient devices and structures, financial strategies to live well in retirement, and algorithms to quickly direct resources such as ambulances.

But what exactly is quantum computing, and what does it take to achieve these quantum breakthroughs? Here’s what you need to know

How Do Quantum Computers Work?

Quantum computers perform calculations based on the probability of an object's state before it is measured - instead of just 1s or 0s - which means they have the potential to process exponentially more data compared to classical computers.

Classical computers carry out logical operations using the definite position of a physical state. These are usually binary, meaning its operations are based on one of two positions. A single state - such as on or off, up or down, 1 or 0 - is called a bit.

Types of quantum computers

Building a functional quantum computer requires holding an object in a superposition state long enough to carry out various processes on them.

Unfortunately, once a superposition meets with materials that are part of a measured system, it loses its in-between state in what's known as decoherence and becomes a boring old classical bit.

Devices need to be able to shield quantum states from decoherence, while still making them easy to read.

Different processes are tackling this challenge from different angles, whether it's to use more robust quantum processes or to find better ways to check for errors.

How we will use quantum computers

• Weather and climate
• Personalized medicine
• Space exploration
• Fundamental sciences
• Machine learning
• Encryption
• Real-time language translation

More seminar topics related to Quantum computing :

Quantum Cryptography
Quantum Internet
Quantum Machine Learning
Quantum Processing Units
Quantum Supremacy
Quantum Network
Quantum Logic Gate
Quantum neural networks

Sources / References:
https://www.ibm.com/quantum-computing/learn/what-is-quantum-computing/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_computing
https://www.sciencealert.com/quantum-computers