Blue Brain
Abstract
This is a modest review of a couple of papers devoted to an examination of neural specificity and invariance among microcircuits in neocortical columns and minicolums, and the loci of experience dependent plasticity and learning within and between these microcircuits. It focuses on somatosensory cortex, but the appendix covers visual research as well on some of the early work on these issues, from Stratton, to Sperry, Hebb, Mountcastle, Hubel and Wiesel, and T. A. Woolsey and Van der Loos. It starts with a paper from Markram’s group on the invariant properties of the microcircuits, and conjectures on a segue form Hebb to Edleman’s Darwinian brain theories. Next I review Petersen’s paper on neurophysiological studies of experience dependent plasticity in these systems. Some network theory has proved essential to research in these areas, as well as some nifty technical advances in neurophysiological stimulation and recording.
Introduction
Human brain, the most valuable creation of God. The man is called intelligent because of the brain .Today we are developed because we can think, that other animals can not do .But we loss the knowledge of a brain when the body is destroyed after the death of man. That knowledge might have been used for the development of the human society. What happen if we create a brain and up load the contents of natural brain into it.
“Blue brain” –The name of the world’s first virtual brain. That means a machine that can function as human brain. Today scientists are in research to create an artificial brain that can think, response, take decision, and keep anything in memory. The main aim is to upload human brain into machine. So that man can think, take decision without any effort. After the death of the body, the virtual brain will act as the man .So, even after the death of a person we will not loose the knowledge, intelligence, personalities, feelings and memories of that man that can be used for the development of the human society. No one has ever understood the complexity of human brain. It is complex than any circuitry in the world. So, question may arise “Is it really possible to create a human brain?” The answer is “Yes”. Because what ever man has created today always he has followed the nature. When man does not have a device called computer, it was a big question for all .But today it is possible due to the technology. Technology is growing faster than every thing. IBM is now in research to create a virtual brain. It is called “Blue brain “.If possible, this would be the first virtual brain of the world.
What is Virtual Brain?
We can say Virtual brain is an artificial brain, which does not actually the natural brain, but can act as the brain .It can think like brain, take decisions based on the past experience, and response as the natural brain can. It is possible by using a super computer, with a huge amount of storage capacity, processing power and an interface between the human brain and this artificial one .Through this interface the data stored in the natural brain can be up loaded into the computer .So the brain and the knowledge, intelligence of anyone can be kept and used for ever, even after the death of the person.
Why we need virtual brain?
Today we are developed because of our intelligence. Intelligence is the inborn quality that can not be created .Some people have this quality ,so that they can think up to such an extent where other can not reach .Human society is always need of such intelligence and such an intelligent brain to have with. But the intelligence is lost along with the body after the death. The virtual brain is a solution to it. The brain and intelligence will alive even after the death.
We often face difficulties in remembering things such as people's names, their birthdays, and the spellings of words, proper grammar, important dates, history facts, and etc. In the busy life every one want to be relaxed .Can not we use any machine to assist for all these? Virtual brain may be the solution to it. What if we upload ourselves into computer, we were simply aware of a computer, or maybe, what if we lived in a computer as a program?
How it is possible?
First, it is helpful to describe the basic manners in which a person may be uploaded into a computer. Raymond Kurzweil recently provided an interesting paper on this topic. In it, he describes both invasive and noninvasive techniques. The most promising is the use of very small robots, or nanobots. These robots will be small enough to travel throughout our circulatory
systems. Traveling into the spine and brain, they will be able to monitor the activity and structure of our central nervous system. They will be able to provide an interface with computers that is as close as our mind can be while we still reside in our biological form. Nanobots could also carefully scan the structure of our brain, providing a complete readout of the connections between each neuron. They would also record the current state of the brain. This information, when entered into a computer, could then continue to function as us. All that is required is a computer with large enough storage space and processing power. Is the pattern and state of neuron connections in our brain truly all that makes up our conscious selves? Many people believe firmly those we posses a soul, while some very technical people believe that quantum forces contribute to our awareness.
But we have to now think technically. Note, however, that we need not know how the brain actually functions, to transfer it to a computer. We need only know the media and contents. The actual mystery of how we achieved consciousness in the first place, or how we maintain it, is a separate discussion.
people who think that humans telling the machines what to do is totally backwards. Henry Markram, director of the Blue Brain Project, says we are ten years away from a functional artificial human brain. The Blue Brain project was launched in 2005 and aims to reverse engineer the mammalian brain from laboratory data.
Reconstructing the brain piece by piece and building a virtual brain in a supercomputer—these are some of the goals of the Blue Brain Project. The virtual brain will be an exceptional tool giving neuroscientists a new understanding of the brain and a better understanding of neurological diseases. The Blue Brain project began in 2005 with an agreement between the EPFL and IBM, which supplied the BlueGene/L supercomputer acquired by EPFL to build the virtual brain. The human brain is an immensely powerful, energy efficient, self-learning, self-repairing computer. If we could understand and mimic the way it works, we could revolutionize information technology, medicine and society. To do so we have to bring together everything we know and everything we can learn about the inner workings of the brain’s molecules, cells and circuits. With this goal in mind, the Blue Brain team has recently come together with 12 other European and international partners to propose the Human Brain Project (HBP), a candidate for funding under the EU’s FET Flagship program.
The computing power needed is considerable. Each simulated neuron requires the equivalent of a laptop computer. A model of the whole brain would have billions. Supercomputing technology is rapidly approaching a level where simulating the whole brain becomes a concrete possibility. Abstract | IBM’s Blue Gene supercomputer allows a quantum leap in the level of detail at which the brain can be modelled. Henry Markram’s team has perfected a facility that can create realistic models of one of the brain’s essential building blocks. This process is entirely data driven and essentially automatically executed on the supercomputer. Meanwhile the generated models show a behavior already observed in years of neuroscientific experiments. These models will be basic building blocks for larger scale models leading towards a complete virtual brain.Models of the brain will revolutionize information technology, allowing us to design computers, robots, sensors and other devices far more powerful, more intelligent and more energy efficient than any we know today. Brain simulation will help us understand the root causes of brain diseases, to diagnose them early, to develop new treatments, and to reduce reliance on animal testing. The project will also throw new light on questions human beings have been asking for more than two and a half thousand years. What does it mean to perceive, to think, to remember, to learn, to know, to decide? What does it mean to be conscious? In summary, the Human Brain Project has the potential to revolutionize technology, medicine, neuroscience, and society.
Refernce:
http://www.ijaiem.org/Volume2Issue3/IJAIEM-2013-03-28-091.pdf
Blue-Brain-Ppt.pdf
BLUE-BRAIN PPT
BLUE BRAIN PPT
Blue BrainTechnology PPT
BLUE-BRAIN PPT
Abstract
This is a modest review of a couple of papers devoted to an examination of neural specificity and invariance among microcircuits in neocortical columns and minicolums, and the loci of experience dependent plasticity and learning within and between these microcircuits. It focuses on somatosensory cortex, but the appendix covers visual research as well on some of the early work on these issues, from Stratton, to Sperry, Hebb, Mountcastle, Hubel and Wiesel, and T. A. Woolsey and Van der Loos. It starts with a paper from Markram’s group on the invariant properties of the microcircuits, and conjectures on a segue form Hebb to Edleman’s Darwinian brain theories. Next I review Petersen’s paper on neurophysiological studies of experience dependent plasticity in these systems. Some network theory has proved essential to research in these areas, as well as some nifty technical advances in neurophysiological stimulation and recording.Introduction
Human brain, the most valuable creation of God. The man is called intelligent because of the brain .Today we are developed because we can think, that other animals can not do .But we loss the knowledge of a brain when the body is destroyed after the death of man. That knowledge might have been used for the development of the human society. What happen if we create a brain and up load the contents of natural brain into it.
“Blue brain” –The name of the world’s first virtual brain. That means a machine that can function as human brain. Today scientists are in research to create an artificial brain that can think, response, take decision, and keep anything in memory. The main aim is to upload human brain into machine. So that man can think, take decision without any effort. After the death of the body, the virtual brain will act as the man .So, even after the death of a person we will not loose the knowledge, intelligence, personalities, feelings and memories of that man that can be used for the development of the human society. No one has ever understood the complexity of human brain. It is complex than any circuitry in the world. So, question may arise “Is it really possible to create a human brain?” The answer is “Yes”. Because what ever man has created today always he has followed the nature. When man does not have a device called computer, it was a big question for all .But today it is possible due to the technology. Technology is growing faster than every thing. IBM is now in research to create a virtual brain. It is called “Blue brain “.If possible, this would be the first virtual brain of the world.
What is Virtual Brain?
We can say Virtual brain is an artificial brain, which does not actually the natural brain, but can act as the brain .It can think like brain, take decisions based on the past experience, and response as the natural brain can. It is possible by using a super computer, with a huge amount of storage capacity, processing power and an interface between the human brain and this artificial one .Through this interface the data stored in the natural brain can be up loaded into the computer .So the brain and the knowledge, intelligence of anyone can be kept and used for ever, even after the death of the person.
Why we need virtual brain?
Today we are developed because of our intelligence. Intelligence is the inborn quality that can not be created .Some people have this quality ,so that they can think up to such an extent where other can not reach .Human society is always need of such intelligence and such an intelligent brain to have with. But the intelligence is lost along with the body after the death. The virtual brain is a solution to it. The brain and intelligence will alive even after the death.
We often face difficulties in remembering things such as people's names, their birthdays, and the spellings of words, proper grammar, important dates, history facts, and etc. In the busy life every one want to be relaxed .Can not we use any machine to assist for all these? Virtual brain may be the solution to it. What if we upload ourselves into computer, we were simply aware of a computer, or maybe, what if we lived in a computer as a program?
How it is possible?
First, it is helpful to describe the basic manners in which a person may be uploaded into a computer. Raymond Kurzweil recently provided an interesting paper on this topic. In it, he describes both invasive and noninvasive techniques. The most promising is the use of very small robots, or nanobots. These robots will be small enough to travel throughout our circulatory
systems. Traveling into the spine and brain, they will be able to monitor the activity and structure of our central nervous system. They will be able to provide an interface with computers that is as close as our mind can be while we still reside in our biological form. Nanobots could also carefully scan the structure of our brain, providing a complete readout of the connections between each neuron. They would also record the current state of the brain. This information, when entered into a computer, could then continue to function as us. All that is required is a computer with large enough storage space and processing power. Is the pattern and state of neuron connections in our brain truly all that makes up our conscious selves? Many people believe firmly those we posses a soul, while some very technical people believe that quantum forces contribute to our awareness.
But we have to now think technically. Note, however, that we need not know how the brain actually functions, to transfer it to a computer. We need only know the media and contents. The actual mystery of how we achieved consciousness in the first place, or how we maintain it, is a separate discussion.
people who think that humans telling the machines what to do is totally backwards. Henry Markram, director of the Blue Brain Project, says we are ten years away from a functional artificial human brain. The Blue Brain project was launched in 2005 and aims to reverse engineer the mammalian brain from laboratory data.
Reconstructing the brain piece by piece and building a virtual brain in a supercomputer—these are some of the goals of the Blue Brain Project. The virtual brain will be an exceptional tool giving neuroscientists a new understanding of the brain and a better understanding of neurological diseases. The Blue Brain project began in 2005 with an agreement between the EPFL and IBM, which supplied the BlueGene/L supercomputer acquired by EPFL to build the virtual brain. The human brain is an immensely powerful, energy efficient, self-learning, self-repairing computer. If we could understand and mimic the way it works, we could revolutionize information technology, medicine and society. To do so we have to bring together everything we know and everything we can learn about the inner workings of the brain’s molecules, cells and circuits. With this goal in mind, the Blue Brain team has recently come together with 12 other European and international partners to propose the Human Brain Project (HBP), a candidate for funding under the EU’s FET Flagship program.
The computing power needed is considerable. Each simulated neuron requires the equivalent of a laptop computer. A model of the whole brain would have billions. Supercomputing technology is rapidly approaching a level where simulating the whole brain becomes a concrete possibility. Abstract | IBM’s Blue Gene supercomputer allows a quantum leap in the level of detail at which the brain can be modelled. Henry Markram’s team has perfected a facility that can create realistic models of one of the brain’s essential building blocks. This process is entirely data driven and essentially automatically executed on the supercomputer. Meanwhile the generated models show a behavior already observed in years of neuroscientific experiments. These models will be basic building blocks for larger scale models leading towards a complete virtual brain.Models of the brain will revolutionize information technology, allowing us to design computers, robots, sensors and other devices far more powerful, more intelligent and more energy efficient than any we know today. Brain simulation will help us understand the root causes of brain diseases, to diagnose them early, to develop new treatments, and to reduce reliance on animal testing. The project will also throw new light on questions human beings have been asking for more than two and a half thousand years. What does it mean to perceive, to think, to remember, to learn, to know, to decide? What does it mean to be conscious? In summary, the Human Brain Project has the potential to revolutionize technology, medicine, neuroscience, and society.
Blue Brain Seminar Report
http://www.ijaiem.org/Volume2Issue3/IJAIEM-2013-03-28-091.pdf
Blue-Brain-Ppt.pdf
BLUE-BRAIN PPT
BLUE BRAIN PPT
Blue BrainTechnology PPT
BLUE-BRAIN PPT
BLUE BRAIN
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